This will help children grasp the fact that a primary source comes from the particular time period and is evidence of the past. Therefore, for historians, this could be an eyewitness account, diary, photograph, letter, poster, report, painting, seal, or cartoon. Again, many pupils may be used to reading or sharing narrative history textbooks which use sources purely used as illustration.
In order to get them to think more historically it means getting them to look at the source as thing itself. To engage your groups with original sources use clear prompt questions to help them evaluate them and draw out inferences. What type of source is it? Photograph, picture, letter, poster, seal, report ; Where is it from? Who is it for? When was it created? Interrogation of the nature of a source in this way will help them to develop lines of enquiry and encourage them to draw their own conclusions.
All text sources have transcripts and simplified transcripts where appropriate to support pupils. Working with sources is like exploring the layers of an onion. However pupils need to be encouraged to delve more deeply into the other layers of the source onion. Extending the range of sources for consideration on the same subject can help to provide more context and widen the level of enquiry and historical understanding.
As result pupils will appreciate that some sources are more helpful for different enquiry questions and sources can be checked against other to help them in their evaluation. Again, if a caption is provided within an original source, especially for a photograph or cartoon, discuss with your pupils if it adds to their understanding. To make a point about the use of captions, you could even change a caption of a given source and discuss how you have used the caption to alter the meaning of a source.
Use the prompt questions when you are working with your chosen source. Use print outs of the source from the website or a projection of it on a whiteboard. Young pupils may need further prompting and support to address the later questions. Note: Most of these questions can be applied to any type of primary source. The first four questions concern the process of identification of a source and the later process of interpretation.
Go to Start Here in our website called The Victorians and get help from our two video presenters about different types of sources for the Victorian period.
The video introduces the concept of sources and is followed by a starter activity using a Victorian photograph modelling a useful questioning technique. We hope this will flag up further useful primary sources and related lesson activities for teachers when approaching this topic. For further information on selection criteria, please visit the submit a significant individual section.
We know that many teachers do not teach in their own locality and without hours of painstaking research, it is not always easy to find examples of local individuals who may provide a fruitful local study. So the HA has started the ball rolling for you! Growing from an original prototype developed by Stuart Boydell, our primary committee and affiliates have produced lists of local significant individuals in their own localities that you can now access here.
Simply click on the map region or use the links below to reveal the lists available for that region. Each list also supplies curriculum links and web research links. These lists are by no means exhaustive, simply a starting point. If you know of a local individual who should be added to the list for your region, let us know! Much of the information we have about the life of Jesus comes from the four Gospels, written between c60 and 90 AD — decades after his death.
They tell us that Jesus was the son of God, born to the wife of a carpenter in Nazareth, crucified in Jerusalem. Queen of the Iceni people living in what is now Norfolk and parts of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, Boudica also called Boudicca or Boadicea led a daring revolt against the Romans who invaded Britain in AD This legendary British king takes centre stage in a plethora of TV dramas, film adaptations and novels.
Although he is largely considered to be a figure of folklore, some historians — notably archaeologist Miles Russell — suggest that he is a composite of several real medieval characters.
Part of a pelvic bone thought to belong to the Wessex king was discovered in a box at Winchester Museum in Their marriage brought together the kingdoms of Wessex and the newly reclaimed Mercia. He held the crown for nine months before he was killed by Norman invaders under William the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings. William the Conqueror transformed the face of Anglo-Saxon England: he secured his hold on the lands he had invaded, replacing the English ruling class with Norman counterparts and building defensive fortresses at strategic points throughout the kingdom.
Instead, however, her cousin Stephen of Blois seized the throne. In the resulting civil war Matilda came within days of coronation before being forced to abandon her claim.
Her son was later crowned Henry II. The French king died the following month and Eleanor became queen of France, a title she would hold for 15 years. Her second marriage to the future Henry II saw her become queen of England. In she acted as regent for Richard I when he departed for the Middle East to join the Third Crusade , despite being in her mid-sixties. Marshal is seen by many as the architect of Magna Carta. An expert military tactician, Richard I — also known as Richard the Lionheart — is perhaps the most famous crusader of the Middle Ages although he ultimately failed to take Jerusalem.
He is most notably remembered for his confrontation with the Muslim leader Saladin during the Third Crusade, as well as for rebelling against his father, Henry II — Over the course of a century, Khan and his successors built the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world — the Mongol Empire, a million-square-mile swathe of land that stretched from the Sea of Japan to the grasslands of Hungary in the heart of Europe.
King John is perhaps best known as being the king who sealed the historic document Magna Carta. French-born nobleman Simon de Montfort came to England in His victory against Henry in May at the battle of Lewes made him the most powerful man in the kingdom.
She went on to lead an invasion of England that ultimately resulted in the deposition of her king and husband in January — the first ever abdication of a king in England.
Following the death of his father and his brother Edward the Black Prince , John became effective regent of England during the minority reign of his nephew, Richard II. Owain Glyndwr was a Welsh leader who instigated a long-running rebellion against English rule in Wales in the 14th century.
His fate is uncertain, though one chronicler recorded that he died in He is considered a Welsh national hero. Henry became heir to the French throne in but died, probably of dysentery, just two years later, leaving his nine-month-old son to rule as Henry VI. She was crowned queen in , whereupon she promoted many members of her family to positions of power.
His reign was interrupted in when Margaret of Anjou reclaimed the throne for her husband, Henry VI. Born in , Margaret Beaufort belonged to a Lancastrian noble family with royal ancestry.
By age 13, she had been married twice, widowed and given birth to a son, Henry Tudor. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator long credited with the discovery of the New World although Vikings had technically visited North America many centuries previously.
Isabella of Castile was one half of a 15th-century power couple that united Spain and helped propel the west towards global dominance. Married to Ferdinand of Aragon — whom she had been betrothed to since the age of six — she became queen in December The illegitimate son of a Tuscan lawyer, Leonardo da Vinci became one of the most influential artists, sculptors, engineers, scientists and inventors of the Renaissance.
The parachute and the helicopter are just two of many inventions credited to the Italian genius, while his painting known as Mona Lisa remains one of the most recognisable, and reproduced, portraits in the world. Interest in the Yorkist king reached fever pitch in when his remains were found beneath a Leicester car park. Mystery still surrounds Richard, not least whether he was responsible for the deaths of his nephews — the princes in the tower — who mysteriously disappeared from the Tower of London in the summer of Five monarchs would sit on the throne for more than a century of Tudor rule.
She married the latter in the spring of , when she was still in her mid-teens, and had a son with him named Edward. In Richard was appointed Lord Protector of his year-old nephew Edward V, who had become king following the death of his father. However Edward and his younger brother were soon declared illegitimate and thrown into the Tower of London. Richard ascended the throne and, with Anne, was crowned in in the first joint coronation in years.
Anne died at the age of 28, due to tuberculosis. Next year will see the th anniversary of her birth. On 31 October , after witnessing corruption in the Catholic church, German theologian Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. Luther was condemned by the Catholic church but his work sparked the Protestant Reformation. Their marriage was eventually annulled on the grounds that she had previously been married to his late brother, Arthur — allowing the king to remarry Anne Boleyn.
After six years as chief minister, he was executed for treason, without trial. Margaret Tudor , the eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, is almost forgotten compared with other members of her famous family. And yet she briefly presided over a golden period in Scottish history as the wife of James IV. One of the most famous kings in British history, Henry became heir to the throne after the death of his brother, Arthur, in Known for his six wives, two of whom were beheaded, Henry VIII is also remembered as the father of the English Reformation, which saw the country break with the Catholic church in Rome and establish its own Church of England.
Debate still rages as to whether she was the victim of a court conspiracy or actually guilty. She is remembered for being one of the most powerful French queens of the early modern period.
However, none of her sons were able to secure the dynasty and Catherine was ultimately blamed for many of the atrocities that occurred during their reigns. At nearly 50 years old at the time of their wedding, Henry was at least 30 years older than the teenage Catherine. She was charged with adultery and treason, and executed at the Tower of London on 13 February Born to a moderately prosperous Derbyshire gentry family, Bess accumulated her wealth through a series of marriages that propelled her into aristocratic and royal circles.
She had a somewhat tumultuous relationship with the queen, particularly when Bess began grooming her granddaughter Arbella to succeed to the crown.
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